Taj Mahal - The Symbol of Love
The Taj Mahal is the epitome of Mughal art and one
of the most famous buildings in the world. Yet there have been few serious
studies of it and no full analysis of its architecture and meaning. Ebba Koch,
an important scholar, has been permitted to take measurements of the
complex and has been working on the palaces and gardens of Shah Jahan for thirty years and on the Taj Mahal
itself the tomb of the emperor's wife, Mumtaz Mahal for a
decade.
The tomb is the representation of the house of the queen in
Paradise, and its setting was based on the palace gardens of the great
nobles that lined both sides of the river at Agra India. You will explore
the entire complex of the Taj Mahal with an explanation of each building and an
account of the mausoleum's urban setting, its design and construction, its
symbolic meaning, and its history up to the present day.
Taj Mahal was built in 22 years (1631-1653) with the orders of Shah Jahan
and it was dedicated to Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Bano Begum), the wife of Shah.
20.000 workers labored and 32 crore rupees were spent during the construction
of the monument and it was built according to Islamic architecture. It is one
of the Unesco world heritage site. Read more about Myths about Tajmahal.
Taj Mahal, the pinnacle of Mughal
architecture, was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658), grandson
of Akbar the great, in the memory of his queen Arjumand Bano Begum, entitled
‘Mumtaz Mahal’. Mumtaz Mahal was a niece of empress Nur Jahan and granddaughter
of Mirza Ghias Beg I’timad-ud-Daula, wazir of emperor Jehangir. She was born in
1593 and died in 1631, during the birth of her fourteenth child at Burhanpur.
Her mortal remains were temporarily buried in the Zainabad garden. Six months
later, her body was transferred to Agra to be finally enshrined in the crypt of
the main tomb of the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal is the mausoleum of both Mumtaz
Mahal and Shah Jahan.
The mausoleum is located on the right bank of the river Yamuna at a point where it takes a sharp turn and flows eastwards. Originally, the land where the Taj Mahal presently stands belonged to the Kachhwahas of Ajmer (Rajasthan). The land was acquired from them in lieu of four havelis as is testified by a court historian, Abdul Hamid Lahauri, in his work titled the Badshah-Namah and the firmans (royal decrees).
For construction, a network of wells was laid along the river line to support the huge mausoleum buildings. Masons, stonecutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome-builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from Central Asia and Iran. While bricks for internal constructions were locally prepared, white marble for external use in veneering work was obtained from Makrana in Rajasthan. Semi-precious stones for inlay ornamentation were brought from distant regions of India, Ceylon and Afghanistan. Red sandstone of different tints was requisitioned from the neighbouring quarries of Sikri, Dholpur, etc.
It took 17 years for the monument complex to be completed in 1648. In all, the Taj Mahal covers an area of 60 bighas, as the terrain gradually sloped from south to north, towards the river, in the form of descending terraces. At the southern point is the forecourt with the main gate in front and tombs of Akbarabadi Begum and Fatehpuri Begum, two other queens of Shah Jahan, on its south-east and south-west corners respectively called Saheli Burj 1 and 2.
On the second terrace is a spacious square garden, with side
pavilions.
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It is divided into four quarters by broad shallow canals of water,
with wide walkways and cypress avenues on the sides. The water channels and
fountains are fed by overhead water tanks. These four quarters are further
divided into the smaller quarters by broad causeways, so that the whole scheme
is in a perfect char-bagh.
The main tomb of the Taj is basically square with chamfered
corners. The minarets here are detached, facing the chamfered angles (corners)
of the main tomb on the main plinth. Red sandstone mosque on the western, and
Mehman-Khana on the eastern side of the tomb provides aesthetically a clear
colour contrast.
The Taj has some wonderful specimens of polychrome inlay art both
in the interior and exterior on the dados, on cenotaphs and on the marble
jhajjhari (jali-screen) around them.
Open from Sunrise to Sunset
Friday closed; open for offering prayer in the mosque between 12
Noon to 2 P.M.
Night
viewing on Full Moon Day and two days before and after it, excluding Fridays
and in the month of Ramzan.
Entrance Fee:
Citizens of India and visitors of SAARC
(Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Maldives and Afghanistan) and
BIMSTEC Countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Myanmar)
- Rs. 10 per head.
Others:
Rs.
250/- per head (ASI);
Rs. 500/- per head as Toll Tax (Agra Development Authority)
Rs. 500/- ticket of ADA is valid for the monuments of Agra Fort, Itimadi-ud-daula, Akbar’s Tomb, Sikandara and Fatehpur Sikri
(children up to 15 years free)
Rs. 500/- per head as Toll Tax (Agra Development Authority)
Rs. 500/- ticket of ADA is valid for the monuments of Agra Fort, Itimadi-ud-daula, Akbar’s Tomb, Sikandara and Fatehpur Sikri
(children up to 15 years free)
Fee
for night viewing
Citizens of India
Citizens of India
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